Even I know it's really hard for me to do, but I can't give up now, I need to stay focus and with Piping & Fabrication, I believe soon or later will comes the result that I want. And now lets start with Lengths, Area, Surfaces and Volume on Pipe System.
List of Symbols
A= angle, deg*
C = length of chord
d = diameter of circle or sphere = 2r
h = height of segment, altitude of cone, etc., as explained in context
π = ratio of circumference to diameter of circle = 3.1416
Φ = angle in radian measure*
S = length of arc, slant height, etc., as explained in context
r = radius of circle or sphere = d/2
R = mean radius of curvature for pipe bends
Areas are expressed in square units and volumes in cubic units of the same system in which lengths are measured.
Triangle.
Area = ½ (base) x altitude.
Circle
Circle
