Continue of Piping System Reinforcement Definitions

I really hope that my friend will give me some suggestion for this Piping & Fabrication blog, but while I'm waiting for it, I have to fight by my own. But still with the hope that I have, I believe soon or later I will reach what I want to. and this is the Continue of Piping System Reinforcement Definitions.

Quenching.

quenching

Rapid cooling of a heated metal.

Radiographic Examination or Inspection.
Radiography is a nondestructive test method which makes use of short-wavelength radiations, such as X-rays or gamma rays, to penetrate objects for detecting the presence and nature of macroscopic defects or other structural discontinuities. The shadow image of defects or discontinuities is recorded either on a fluorescent screen or on photographic film.

Reinforcement.
In branch connections, reinforcement is material around a branch opening that serves to strengthen it. The material is either integral in the branch components or added in the form of weld metal, a pad, a saddle, or a sleeve.

Know more Fabrication with the Erection Pipe and Extrude Pipe

This has to be the end of general definitions of piping elements from letter "E", and I intend to do this so I can prepare other post in tomorrow morning. so with Piping & Fabrication still running the mission, now we will go with :

Electric Resistance-Welded Pipe. 

Pipe produced in individual lengths or in continuous lengths from coiled skelp and subsequently cut into individual lengths having a longitudinal butt joint in which coalescence is produced by the heat obtained from resistance of the pipe to the flow of electric current in a circuit of which the pipe is a part and by the application of pressure.

End Preparation. 

The contour prepared on the end of a pipe, fitting, or nozzle for welding. The particular preparation is prescribed by the governing code. Refer to Chap. A6 of this handbook.

Engineering Design. 

The detailed design developed from process requirements and conforming to established design criteria, including all necessary drawings and specifications, governing a piping installation.

Equipment Connection. 

An integral part of such equipment as