Well, I think it's true that I've been a little bit lazy for few months and that's really make myself not good at all and I think today is the right time to stop all the lazyness in me because I really want to change this way of life and make a better ones, and I will start with publish this piping and fabrication blog and the rest will coming.
NONFERROUS PIPE-MAKING PROCESSES
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Tube and Pipe
Aluminum tubular products include both pipe and tube. They are hollow-wrought products produced from a hollowed ingot by either extrusion or by welding flat sheet, or skelp, to a cylindrical form. General applications are available in alloys 1100, 2014, 2024, 3003, 5050, 5086, 6061, 6063, and 7075. For shell and tube heat exchanger applications, alloys 1060, 3003, 5052, 5454, and 6061 are available. Pipe is available only in alloys 3003, 6061, and 6063. The designation numbers indicate the particular alloying element contained in the aluminum alloy (such as copper, manganese, silicon, magnesium, and zinc) and the control of the impurities. The numerical designation system consists of four numbers, abcd, where a designates the major alloying element in the aluminum alloy: 1 for 99 percent pure aluminum, 2 for copper, 3 for manganese, 4 for silicon, 5 for magnesium, 6 for magnesium and silicon, 7 for zinc, and 8 for another element. Digit b designates an alloy modification for groups 2 through 8 and an impurity limit for group 1. Digits c and d indicate the specific alloy for groups 2 through 8 and the purity of group 1.
Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Pipe
Copper tube and pipe have a wide range of application throughout the chemical, process, automotive, marine, food and beverage, and construction industries. Unified Numbering System (UNS) designations (CXXXXX) have been established for many alloys of copper. ASTM and ASME specifications have been developed for copper tube and pipe. Seamless pipe and tube are covered by ASTM B466, B315, B188, B42, B302, B75, B135, B68, B360, B11, B395, B280, B306, B251, B372, and B88. ASME specifications include SB466, SB315, SB75, SB135, SB111, SB395, and SB359.
Tubes and pipe of copper and copper alloys are produced by either of two processes—piercing and extrusion, or welding skelp formed into cylindrical shape. The seamless pipe or tube produced through the extrusion process is the most common commercial form of copper and copper alloy tubular products.
Hot Piercing Process. In theMannesmann piercing process, a heated copper billet is first pierced, then rolled over a mandrel which determines the inside diameter of the pipe. Following the piercing operation, the pierced shell is drawn through a die and over a plug to obtain the finished outside and inside diameters. Extrusion Process. In the extrusion process, the heated copper or copper alloy billets are formed into shells by heavy hydraulic presses. The hollowed-out billet is then extruded through a die and over a mandrel to form the outside and inside diameters of the pipe.
Cold-Drawing Process. The cold-drawing process uses mother pipe which is placed on a draw bench which pulls a cold tube through one or a multiplicity of dies and over a mandrel to reduce the pipe gradually to its finished dimensions.
Other Processes. Other processes of significance are the cup-and-draw process for large-diameter pipe and the tube-rolling process which reduces copper tubing by means of cold-working over a mandrel with oscillating tapered dies.
NONFERROUS PIPE-MAKING PROCESSES
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Tube and Pipe
Aluminum tubular products include both pipe and tube. They are hollow-wrought products produced from a hollowed ingot by either extrusion or by welding flat sheet, or skelp, to a cylindrical form. General applications are available in alloys 1100, 2014, 2024, 3003, 5050, 5086, 6061, 6063, and 7075. For shell and tube heat exchanger applications, alloys 1060, 3003, 5052, 5454, and 6061 are available. Pipe is available only in alloys 3003, 6061, and 6063. The designation numbers indicate the particular alloying element contained in the aluminum alloy (such as copper, manganese, silicon, magnesium, and zinc) and the control of the impurities. The numerical designation system consists of four numbers, abcd, where a designates the major alloying element in the aluminum alloy: 1 for 99 percent pure aluminum, 2 for copper, 3 for manganese, 4 for silicon, 5 for magnesium, 6 for magnesium and silicon, 7 for zinc, and 8 for another element. Digit b designates an alloy modification for groups 2 through 8 and an impurity limit for group 1. Digits c and d indicate the specific alloy for groups 2 through 8 and the purity of group 1.
Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Pipe
Copper tube and pipe have a wide range of application throughout the chemical, process, automotive, marine, food and beverage, and construction industries. Unified Numbering System (UNS) designations (CXXXXX) have been established for many alloys of copper. ASTM and ASME specifications have been developed for copper tube and pipe. Seamless pipe and tube are covered by ASTM B466, B315, B188, B42, B302, B75, B135, B68, B360, B11, B395, B280, B306, B251, B372, and B88. ASME specifications include SB466, SB315, SB75, SB135, SB111, SB395, and SB359.
Tubes and pipe of copper and copper alloys are produced by either of two processes—piercing and extrusion, or welding skelp formed into cylindrical shape. The seamless pipe or tube produced through the extrusion process is the most common commercial form of copper and copper alloy tubular products.
Hot Piercing Process. In theMannesmann piercing process, a heated copper billet is first pierced, then rolled over a mandrel which determines the inside diameter of the pipe. Following the piercing operation, the pierced shell is drawn through a die and over a plug to obtain the finished outside and inside diameters. Extrusion Process. In the extrusion process, the heated copper or copper alloy billets are formed into shells by heavy hydraulic presses. The hollowed-out billet is then extruded through a die and over a mandrel to form the outside and inside diameters of the pipe.
Cold-Drawing Process. The cold-drawing process uses mother pipe which is placed on a draw bench which pulls a cold tube through one or a multiplicity of dies and over a mandrel to reduce the pipe gradually to its finished dimensions.
Other Processes. Other processes of significance are the cup-and-draw process for large-diameter pipe and the tube-rolling process which reduces copper tubing by means of cold-working over a mandrel with oscillating tapered dies.
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